Daud, Adibah
(2020)
The prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis infections among blood donors in Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu and its associated risk factors.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Introduction: Blood and blood products transfusion are among the measures
used in modern medicine to manage patients, especially those who are anaemic or
having significant blood loss. This measure is not without risk, with one of the concerned
risk is transfusion transmitted infection (TTI). This study was aimed to determine the
prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and syphilis infections among
blood donors in Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah (HSNZ) and the associated risk factors.
Methodology: This case control study involved retrospective record review of all blood
donors in HSNZ from 2011 until 2017. Seropositive donors were identified based on the
positive serological tests. The data of blood donors were extracted from E-delphyn online
system. The data on seropositive blood donors were extracted from the SUKUSA online
system and donors’ counseling records. For the association of the sociodemographic
characteristics and the seropositivity, a group of randomly chosen seronegative blood
donors were selected as the control group. Data were analysed using SPSS software
version 24. Results: There was a total of 94,989 blood donations in HSNZ from 2011-
2017, with majority of donations were Malays (91.6%), males (66.1%), students (53.4%),
repeat donors (61.3%), and were from mobiles collection (84.7%). There was a total of
330 seropositive donations with the prevalence of 0.35%. HBV positivity constituted the
highest prevalence (0.171%) followed by HCV (0.113%), syphilis (0.04%), and HIV(0.024%). There were 13 seroconvert donors (0.014%) with the highest seroconversion
was seen with HIV infection (5), followed by HCV (4), HBV (3) and syphilis (1). The
majority of the identified risk factors among the seropositive blood donors were the
unsafe sexual practices (51.7%), followed by having family history (38.3%), IVDU (8.3%)
and previous history of transfusion (1.7%). These risk factors showed significant
associations with all the TTI (p-values <0.05). The multiple logistic regression analysis
showed that the odds of being seropositive were significantly higher in males compared
to females, first time donors compared to repeat donors, occupation other than
government servants compared to students and donation at mobiles compared to
donation at centre respectively (p-values <0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of
seropositive and seroconvert blood donors in HSNZ were low with HBV was the most
frequent infection. The most common associated risk factor was the unsafe sexual
practice. Being male, first time donors, non-students, and donation at mobiles showed
significantly higher risk of seropositivity.
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