Goni, Mohammed Dauda
(2020)
Development and evaluation of a health education module for the prevention of respiratory tract infections among private hajj and umrah pilgrims.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Hajj pilgrimage is usually associated with a regular occurrence of respiratory
tract infection among pilgrims. Vaccination uptake and other preventive behaviours
have generally been low among pilgrims across the globe. Despite this, there is
presently no validated health theory-based health education module in Malaysia to
guide the pilgrims on how to boost compliance with these preventive practices and
increase their knowledge towards respiratory tract infection, preventive attitudes and
practices towards prevention strategies. The general objective of this study is to
develop and evaluate the effectiveness of health education modules against respiratory
tract infections among Hajj pilgrims from Malaysia. This study was carried out in
phases comprising of development and validation of questionnaire phase, development
and validation of health education module for respiratory tract infection prevention
phase, baseline characterization of pilgrims’ phase, intervention phase and evaluation
phase. At the first phase of the study, a cross-sectional study was conducted for the
development and validation of a measurement tool using the content, construct (items
response theory, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis)
validation and reliability. This phase is followed by the development and validation of
new health education module via a smartphone application. For the intervention and
the evaluation phase, a quasi-experimental study was utilized, where pre-post
intervention data were analysed among 52 and 50 Hajj/Umrah pilgrims in the
intervention or control group respectively. The intervention group was given health
education module on the prevention of respiratory tract infections during Hajj and
Umrah in the form of a smartphone application which was strictly guided by the health
belief model. The control group received a smartphone application on normal Hajj and
Umrah guidance from a different Hajj/Umrah travel company. Follow-up data were
collected using the same questionnaire that was used during the pre-test data
collection. Mixed design repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyse the effect of
group, time, and group-time interaction on the dependent variables. There was a
significant improvement in knowledge score and the main effect in the intervention
group compared to the control group, based on time (p = 0.005, ηp2 = 0.075).
Likewise, there was significant improvement in attitude score and main effect based
on time (p = 0.035, ηp2 = 0.044). Similarly, there was a significant change in practice
score and also main effect based on time (p = <0.001, ηp2 = 0.155) and interaction of
group with time (p = 0.042, ηp2 = 0.041). Similarly, the occurrence of RTI in the
intervention group is lower when compared to the control group. The new health
educational intervention module developed was effective in improving the knowledge,
attitude and practices toward prevention of RTI among Hajj pilgrims from Malaysia.
Further studies are also needed to investigate the barriers and motivators to link the
knowledge gap about the uptake of mandatory and recommended vaccine as well as
the other components of the module. Therefore, Hajj agencies need to conduct health
education before departure of pilgrims to prepare them against the common respiratory
infections or in the event of outbreaks of infection during Hajj/Umrah.
| Item Type: |
Thesis
(Masters)
|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: |
health education |
| Subjects: |
R Medicine |
| Divisions: |
UNSPECIFIED |
| Depositing User: |
Mr Abdul Hadi Mohammad
|
| Date Deposited: |
10 Nov 2020 07:18 |
| Last Modified: |
10 Nov 2020 07:18 |
| URI: |
http://eprints.usm.my/id/eprint/47889 |
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