Anuar, Norlina
(2018)
The effectiveness of smoking prevention module towards knowledge and smoking refusal skill among secondary school students in Kota Bharu, Kelantan.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Background : Currently, smoking initiation in the adolescents is becoming more
common. To our knowledge, besides ‘Kelab Doktor Muda’ programme, there is no
other smoking prevention modules specifically targeting adolescents in Malaysia. Such
modules are important to reduce the number of smoking in adolescents. Assessing the
efficacy of these smoking prevention programmes is equally important to ensure the
benefits are received by the adolescents.
Objectives : To study the effectiveness of the smoking prevention module towards
knowledge on smoking and its harmful effects and smoking refusal skill among
secondary school students in Kota Bharu, Kelantan.
Methods : A quasi experimental interventional study was conducted from August until
October 2016, involving 166 participants, aged 13 to 14 years old who were non
smokers. 83 students from SMK Kubang Kerian 3 were allocated to the intervention
group which received the smoking prevention module. Another 83 students from SMK
Ketereh were allocated to the control group which only received the smoking prevention
module after the study had been completed. The knowledge on smoking and its harmfuleffects and smoking refusal skill score were assessed using a set of questionnaires at
baseline, 2 weeks and 8 weeks after the intervention. Repeated measure ANCOVA was
used to analyse the mean score difference of both groups at baseline and after
intervention.
Results : There were significant improvement in the knowledge on smoking and its
harmful effects and smoking refusal skill mean score among the intervention group as
compared to the control group. For the analysis of the mean score of knowledge, there
was no significant difference of the baseline score between the intervention and control
group (p = 0.713. On the other hand, after intervention, there was significant increment
of the knowledge score in the intervention group with significant difference in crude
mean and estimated marginal means of knowledge score between intervention and
control group after controlling for sex [F(df) = 15.96(1.5), p <0.001]. For the analysis of
smoking refusal skill score, there was significant statistical difference in mean baseline
refusal skill score between the two groups (p = 0.003). After the intervention, there was
significant increment of the refusal skill score in the intervention group with significant
difference in crude mean and estimated marginal means of smoking refusal skill score
between intervention and control group after controlling for sex [F(df) 5.66(1.8), p =
0.005].
Conclusion : This smoking prevention module increased the level of knowledge on
smoking and its harmful effects and smoking refusal skill among the secondary school
students. Thus, it is advocated to be used as one of the standard modules to improve the
current method of teaching in delivering knowledge related to harmful effects ofsmoking, laws related to smoking and smoking refusal skill to the secondary school
students in Malaysia.
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