Ismail, Nor Amira
(2018)
Evaluation of anticancer effects of dioscorea esculenta tuber extract on breast cell line and toxicity testing.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Medicinal plants have played an essential role in the development of human cultures and
also known as rich resources for traditional medicines. Nowadays medicinal plants are
used for isolation of bioactive compounds which also provide a promising line for cancer
research. Cancer is among the top causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Discovery of new efficient anticancer agents with reduced side effects are really needed.
Effort has been made through this study to evaluate anticancer effects of Dioscorea
esculenta (DE) tuber extract against breast cancer cell lines, toxicity testing and
phytochemical screening. Methanol (DEME) and aqueous (DEAE) extracts of DE were
prepared by serial extraction of maceration technique with petroleum ether and diethyl
ether. Phytochemical compounds present in DE extracts were screened and quantified.
The toxicity heavy metal analysis was done through ICP-MS analysis while toxicity
testing by using brine shrimp lethality assay. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated by
MTT assay against normal fibroblast (NIH-3T3) and two breast cancer (MDA-MB-231
and MCF-7) cell lines while apoptotic effect of extract that showed the lowest IC50 value
with effective inhibition of breast cancer was analysed by using Annexin V/FITC PI
apoptosis assay. The results revealed that DE extracts contained abundance of saponin
and ICP-MS data showed DE have low concentration of trace toxic heavy metal. The DE
extracts have LD50 values > 1000 ppm which considered non-toxic against shrimp nauplii.
MDA-MB-231 cells demonstrated the most effective inhibition with the lowest IC50 value
upon treatment with DEME for 72 hours. In addition, DE extracts showed no cytotoxicity
effect towards the normal cells. Flowcytometric analysis has confirmed that MDA-MB-
231 cells treated with DEME was significantly induced apoptosis incomparable withcontrols. Thus, DEME demonstrated antiproliferative activity in MDA-MB-231 cells by
induction of apoptosis.
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