Gillani, Syed Wasif
(2013)
Evaluation Of Diabetic Management
Outcome And Pharmacist Intervention
In Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to evaluate clinical disease management outcome and
patient responsiveness to treatment. The primary current study is classified as ‘mixedmethodology’
cross sectional interventional study, which includes four phases of
evaluation with different methodologies. Phase I (retrospective evaluation), Phase II
(prospective pharmaceutical care application), Phase III (prospective case-control cohort
evaluation) and Phase IV (Psychometric population based survey).
During the time period of January 2008 through December 2010, a total of 2174 diabetes
patients were admitted; 2174 (100%) patients’ medical profiles were reviewed. This
comprised of 1063 (48.9%) males and rest 1111 (51.1%) females. Mean and Standard
Distribution (SD) should females have less mean age distribution (35.2 ±4.187 years) as
compared to males (37.9±5.724 years). A total of 798 (36.7%) had infection exposure
before and/or during hospital admission, statistical significance (p<0.001) found in
association of diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) and infection exposure. Majority 384 (48.1%)
infection type was relapsed cases within 3 months. There were 176 with presumed viral
infection (18.2%), and 679 with bacterial infection (70.2%). Of those with bacterial
infection, 453 had minor infection (66.7%), and 226 had major infection (33.3%). In
prospective pharmaceutical care study, two hundred and fifty three patients from the
Diabetes Outpatient clinic Hospital Pulau Pinang were recruited, comprising 127 cases
and 126 controls. There were no significant differences between cases and controls for
any of the demographic variables that were documented.
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