Mamat@Mohamad, Puteri Sulwani
(2016)
Validation of the Malay version of pregnancy physical activity questionaire (PPAQ) and the assessment of physical activity, dietary intake and gestational weight gain rate among pregnant women in Kota Bharu, Kelantan.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Gestational weight gain (GWG) plays a vital role in determining pregnancy
outcomes. Excessive GWG is the greatest public health concerns as it is related to
postpartum weight retention and higher body mass index later in life. Therefore, the
present study aimed at assessing validity of Malay Pregnancy Physical Activity
Questionnaire (PPAQ-M), dietary intake and physical activity (PA) and also
determined GWG predictor factors among pregnant women. Single 24-hour dietary
recall was used to assess dietary intake whereas pedometer and validated PPAQ-M
were used to assess PA among subjects. The study consisted of two phases, phase I
was a validation of PPAQ-M which involved 60 pregnant women wherein phase II
was the determination of dietary intake, PA and GWG predictor factors which
involved 210 pregnant women who visited selected health clinics for an antenatal
check-up in Kota Bharu. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis was used to
assess PPAQ-M reliability. Pearson correlation coefficient between total activity
value derived from PPAQ-M with step counts obtained from pedometer was used to
determine the PPAQ-M validity. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine
the GWG predictor factors. ICC value was 0.679 (95% CI 0.515, 0.795) for total
activity and ranged from 0.542 to 0.679 for activity intensity including sedentary,
light, moderate and vigorous activity. As for type of activity, the ICC value ranged
from 0.236 to 0.776 which involved household and caregiving, occupational, sportsor exercise, transportation activity and inactivity. Pearson correlation coefficient
showed there was significantly moderate and positive correlation between the total
activity with step counts (r = 0.394, p = 0.002). There was a high proportion of
inadequate (34.8%) and excessive (44.8%) GWG among subjects. Adjusted multiple
logistic regression showed only household income level was a significant predictor
of excessive GWG. The current study showed the PPAQ-M had a reasonable
reliability and validity which could be used to assess physical activity among
pregnant women. The findings on GWG predictor factors suggested pregnant women
who were at risk of excessive GWG could be identified early in pregnancy and
should be targeted for weight-management interventions during pregnancy or postpartum
delivery.
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