Bahrom, Nur Afiqah
(2016)
The effect of total sulfated glycosaminoglycans from crown-of-thorns acanthaster planci on wound healing.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Coral reef deforestation by corallivore crown-of-thorns (COTS) Acanthaster
planci could result into a hazardous effect towards the quantity and quality of the
majestic coral reefs. Effort should be made to generate wealth from COTS, a material
that does not have any commercial value, such as studies to identify the therapeutic
potentials from the COT. This study investigate the occurrence of total sulfated GAGs
from the integument, internal tissue and coelomic fluid of COTS starfish and evaluate
the effect of total sulfated GAGs on wound healing in rats using macroscopic and
microscopic evaluations.
The integument and coelomic fluid from body region were the highest source of
total and N-sulfated GAGs. There was more N-sulfated GAGs compared to O-sulfated
GAGs for percentage (%) division in both regions. This finding suggested heparin
and/or heparin sulphate, the only species of GAGs that have N-sulfated group in its
disaccharide chain, could be found in body region of COTS, particularly integument and
coelomic fluid parts. 20 μl of 1 μg/ml concentration of total sulfated GAG from each
anatomical part of each COTS region were applied to the full-thickness excisional
wound model from Day 0 to Day 12, with PBS application as control group. The
progress of healing was assessed through macroscopic examination and analysis of
epithelization, inflammatory cells, fibroblasts proliferation, new vessels formation andcollagen fibers organisation using light microscope (LM), transmission electron
microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Macroscopic examination revealed significant (p<0.0167) wound contraction
percentage (%) on each observation (Day 1, Day 6 and Day 12) and epithelization
progress occurred in all sulfated GAGs treated group from COTS’ body region as
compared to control group. LM and SEM evaluations showed that all treatment groups
have fully bridged the excised wound on the 12th day of observations. LM and TEM
evaluations showed enhanced fibroblasts proliferation with significant (p<0.0167)
finding occurred in all sulfated GAGs treated group from COTS’ body region and
integument of arm region compared to control group. For new vessels formation, LM
and TEM analysis showed a significant (p<0.0167) increase in the sulfated GAGs
treated group from integument of body region (2.00, IqR 0.17) and integument of arm
region (2.02, IqR 0.11) as compared to control group. LM, TEM and SEM evaluations
showed that sulfated GAGs from all anatomical parts of both COTS’ regions stimulate
dense organisation of collagen fibers on the 12th day of observation, significantly
(p<0.0167) compared to control group.
This study strongly indicate that sulfated GAGs in particularly from its
integument and coelomic fluid of COTS’ body region, seems to hasten the wound
healing event through positive effect on acceleration of wound contraction percentage
(%), enhance epithelization migration, fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis process and
collagen organization
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