Aldalalah, Osamah (Mohammad Ameen) Ahmad
(2010)
Effects Of Modality And Redundancy Principles On The
Learning Of Music Theory And Attitude Among Primary
Pupils Of Different Aptitudes In Jordan.
PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of modality and redundancy
principles on the attitude and learning of music theory among primary pupils of
different aptitudes in Jordan. The lesson of music theory was developed in three
different modes, audio and image (AI), text with image (TI) and audio with image
and text (AIT). A 3×3×2 quasi experimental factorial design was adopted in this
research. The independent variables were the three modes of courseware. The
moderator variables were music intelligence, locus of control and trait anxiety. The
dependent variables were the post test score and attitude. The study sample consisted
of 405 third-grade pupils and were randomly (simple random sample) selected from
six different primary co-education schools. Descriptive and inferential statistics were
conducted to analyze the collected data. ANOVA was used to determine the
significant differences of the pretest scores among the three groups. Analyses of
covariance (ANCOVA) and Post hoc were carried out to examine the main effects as
well as the interaction effects of the independent variables on the dependent
variables. Simple and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to determine the
relative contribution of each factor to the changes in the dependent variable. Seven
main hypotheses with six sub- hypotheses were postulated and tested.
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