Ismail, Izyan
(2016)
Association between isolated external ear malformation and renal anomalies.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Introduction. Congenital anomalies of renal and urinary tract and external ear
malformation are both rare entity. There are multiple studies that concluded higher
incidences of congenital renal anomalies in those with external ear malformation.
Thus, this study was intended to determine the significance of the association
between isolated external ear malformation and congenital renal anomalies.
Objective. To determine the association between isolated external ear malformation
and congenital renal anomalies.
Methodology. Retrospectively, 125 subjects (study group) with sonography detected
congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and 125 subjects with
normal ultrasound kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) (control group) were recruited
from two centres; Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA) and Hospital Universiti
Sains Malaysia (HUSM). Images were reviewed using Picture Archiving and
Communication systems (PACS). Presence of isolated external ear malformation i.e
preauricular appendages, sinus and pinna abnormality were identified through either
the case notes or the Radiology Information System (RIS).
Results. Urinary tract abnormalities with isolated external ear malformation were
detected in 6 subjects. Five subjects with preauricular sinus have renal agenesis (2
subjects), vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) (1 subjects), renal duplex (1 subject) and
ureterocoele (1 subject) respectively; and one subject with pinna abnormality had
VUR. Pearson chi-square (X2) test analysis proved non-significant association
between these two groups (p>0.05).
Conclusions. There is a no significant association between isolated external ear
malformation and congenital renal anomalies; hence routine ultrasound KUB is not mandataory.
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