Wan Sulaiman, Wan Nur Hidayati
(2013)
A study on the potential of rambutan and
watermelon in chemoprevention activity on
osteosarcoma cell lines.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumour that commonly found in children and
young adults. Despite of the significant advances of treatment such as chemotherapy
and surgery were developed against osteosarcoma, 85% of the patients still suffer from
metastases. The improvement in cancer treatment using cancer chemopreventive agent
which is not only can inhibit the cancer cells proliferation but with define molecular
target has become the main objective in this study. This study evaluated the potentiality
of the Malaysian local fruits, Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan) and Citrullus lanatus
(watermelon) in exhibiting chemopreventive effects on osteosarcoma cells (CRL 1543).
RE and WE showed the growth inhibitory effect and with IC50 value at 0.005 mg/ml
and 0.5 mg/ml respectively. The cell deaths are believed to be associated to the
induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Morphological changes displaying
apoptosis also can be observed upon treatment with RE and WE. Moreover, RE and WE
also caused alteration to the cell cycle regulation on CRL 1543 at G2/M and G0/G1
phase respectively. Identification of the possible signalling pathways of cell death by
apoptosis and cell cycle at molecular level were investigated and the apoptosis
induction by RE followed an intrinsic via activating caspase-9 and caspase-3.
Meanwhile, WE induced apoptosis by extrinsic pathway via activating caspase-3 but
not on caspase-9. The downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl2 protein expression by RE and WE also complemented the findings. The upregulation of p27Kip1 and the
downregulation of cyclin D1 protein expressions were consistent with the finding of
WE caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. RE otherwise showed no significant
changes for cyclin D1 protein expression consistent with the G2/M blockage but not in
G0/G1 phase. p27Kip1 has also been reported to induce apoptosis consistent with the
increased of protein expression of p27Kip1 by RE. RE and WE showed no toxicity effect
on normal cells thus proved the extracts features a potential chemopreventive agent on
CRL 1543. Overall, the data collected provide new insight of using the waste products
by rambutan and watermelon rinds which can be used as chemopreventive agents on
CRL 1543.
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