Selamat, Mohd Nasir
(2016)
Ergonomic Work System And Occupational Safety And Health Performance: Mediating Effects Of Psychosocial Work Factors.
PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Di Malaysia, pelbagai tindakan telah diambil untuk meningkatkan tahap kesedaran aspek keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan (KKP) di tempat kerja. Namun, banyak kajian menunjukkan bahawa berlakunya masalah-masalah yang berkaitan aspek KKP adalah membimbangkan. Peningkatan berlaku kemalangan di tempat kerja, masalah ketidakhadiran, tinggi tahap tekanan dan kepelbagaian tahap kesihatan di tempat kerja menunjukkan bahawa tindakan perlu diambil segera. Kajian-kajian terdahulu menunjukkan terdapat perkaitan antara aspek ergonomik dan masalah KKP terutamanya dalam sektor pembuatan. Pelaksanaan aspek ergonomik boleh menjadi saluran untuk dipertimbangkan dalam menyelesaikan masalah-masalah KKP yang berkaitan di tempat kerja, yang akhirnya membantu untuk meningkatkan prestasi. Tersenarai di dalam sektor pembuatan, industri percetakan menunjukkan keterlibatan pekerja yang tinggi dengan masalah KKP dan kurang pelaksanaan terhadap aspek ergonomik. Dengan menggunakan konsep Balance Teory, kajian ini meneliti peranan sistem kerja ergonomik (SKE) terdiri daripada faktor permintaan kerja, faktor individu dan faktor organisasi (keterlibatan ergonomik), terhadap prestasi KKP. Di samping itu, faktor-faktor psikososial kerja, yang memberi tumpuan kepada aspek kuasa untuk membuat keputusan dan sokongan sosial, turut dikaji sebagai perantara antara SKE dan prestasi KKP. Kajian ini melibatkan seramai 295 responden dari beberapa syarikat percetakan di Malaysia untuk dikaji dan dianalisis.
In Malaysia, numerous actions have been taken to increase the level of awareness of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) at work. However, various studies have shown that crucial safety and health-related problems are still prevalent. An increase in accidents at work, growing degree of absenteeism, as well as higher levels of sickness and stress at work seem to indicate that even more urgent action is required. Previous studies have also indicated that ergonomics plays a significant role with respect to OSH problems, especially in the manufacturing sector. The implementation of certain initiatives based on ergonomics might provide an avenue for solving, or at least alleviating, safety and health-related problems at work. This, in turn, would ultimately enhance workplace performance. Categorised as a manufacturing sector, the printing industry places high demands on its workers, which brings in OSH problems, and printing industry is yet to effectively implement adequate ergonomics initiatives. Using the concept of Balance Theory, this study examines the role of ergonomic work systems (EWS), as represented by job demand factors, individual factors and participatory ergonomics, in enhancing OSH performance. In addition, psychosocial work factors, which focus on decision authority and social support, were tested as mediators between EWS and OSH performance. Two hundred and ninety five respondents from several printing companies in Malaysia were surveyed and analysed.
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