Jamal, Marlina
(2016)
Ideological Construction Of An Indigenous Community: The Orang Asli As Portrayed In The Star Newspaper.
PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Kajian ini bertumpu kepada pemaparan kaum Orang Asli dalam akhbar The
Star, dan khususnya, konstruksi kaum tersebut apabila dianalisis daripada perspektif
analisis wacana kritis. Kajian ini mengadaptasi Teori Makrostruktur Semantik dan
Teori Ideologi seperti yang diperkenalkan oleh van Dijk berserta integrasi Kaedah
Linguistik Berfungsi oleh Halliday. Skop kajian bertumpu kepada dua aspek iaitu
analisis elemen makro (struktur tematik) dan mikro (struktur leksis, sintaktik, retorik
dan tansitiviti). Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat ketidakseimbangan dalam
pemaparan kumpulan ‘sendiri’ apabila dibandingkan dengan kumpulan yang ‘lain’.
Didapati bahawa pemaparan kumpulan ‘sendiri’ amat positif manakala kumpulan
‘lain’ dipaparkan secara negatif. Beberapa tema yang digunakan untuk menerangkan
Orang Asli telah dikenalpasti, misalnya pemaparan kaum tersebut sebagai selalu
bergantung terhadap orang lain, mundur dan tradisional. Struktur-struktur leksis
negatif telah digunakan bagi memaparkan kaum Orang Asli dan struktur sintaksis
seperti ayat deklarasi digunakan secara berkesan bagi memperkukuhkan idea negatif
tentang kaum tersebut. Pemaparan yang memihak pada kumpulan ‘sendiri’ dan
menunjukkan kumpulan ‘lain’ secara negatif dilakukan dengan penggunaan struktur
retorik seperti hiperbola dan pengulangan leksis.
This study examines the portrayal of the Orang Asli in The Star newspaper
from a critical discourse analysis perspective. It mainly utilises van Dijk’s Theory of
Semantic Macrostructure, van Dijk’s Theory of Ideology and Halliday’s Systemic
Functional Linguistics. The projection of the community is inspected through the
analysis of macro (thematic structure), micro elements (lexical, syntactic and
rhetorical structures) and transitivity structures. Findings revealed that there is a
misalignment of the polarization of ‘self’ versus ‘other’ whereby the overall
depiction tended to construct the ‘self’ positively, while the ‘other’ had its image and
perspective being projected in an unfavourable manner. Several themes were
identified in the analysis such as the portrayal of the Orang Asli community as being
dependent, under-developed and traditional. Negative lexical items were tactically
used to describe the community and syntactic structures, such as declarative
sentences were aptly inserted to validate negative notions reported about the
community. Several ideas glorifying the ‘self’ group members and degrading the
‘other’ were done by using rhetorical elements such as hyperboles and lexical
repetitions.
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